The first hint to crack the puzzle "Take away, strip, e.g. of a religious robe" is:

It is a word which contains 6 letters

The second hint to crack the puzzle "Take away, strip, e.g. of a religious robe" is:

It starts with letter d

The third hint to crack the puzzle "Take away, strip, e.g. of a religious robe" is:

It ends with letter t

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The answer for the puzzle "Take away, strip, e.g. of a religious robe" is: